Prezista

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE PREZISTA, co-administered with ritonavir (PREZISTA/ritonavir), in combination with other antiretroviral agents, is indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in adult and pediatric patients 3 years of age and older . PREZISTA is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) protease inhibitor indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adult and pediatric patients 3 years of age and older. PREZISTA must be co-administered with ritonavir (PREZISTA/ritonavir) and with other antiretroviral agents.

Testing: In treatment-experienced patients, treatment history genotypic and/or phenotypic testing is recommended prior to initiation of therapy with PREZISTA/ritonavir to assess drug susceptibility of the HIV-1 virus ( 2.1 , 12.4 ) Monitor serum liver chemistry tests before and during therapy with PREZISTA/ritonavir. ( 2.1 , 2.2 , 5.2 ) Treatment-naïve adult patients and treatment-experienced adult patients with no darunavir resistance associated substitutions: 800 mg (one 800 mg tablet) taken with ritonavir 100 mg once daily and with food. Treatment-experienced adult patients with at least one darunavir resistance associated substitution: 600 mg (one 600 mg tablet) taken with ritonavir 100 mg twice daily and with food. Pregnant patients: 600 mg (one 600 mg tablet) taken with ritonavir 100 mg twice daily and with food. Pediatric patients (3 to less than 18 years of age and weighing at least 10 kg): dosage of PREZISTA and ritonavir is based on body weight and should not exceed the adult dose. PREZISTA should be taken with ritonavir and with food. PREZISTA/ritonavir is not recommended for use in patients with severe hepatic impairment.

2.1Testing Prior to Initiation of PREZISTA/ritonavir In

treatment-experienced patients, treatment history, genotypic and/or phenotypic testing is recommended to assess drug susceptibility of the HIV-1 virus . Refer to Dosage and Administration , and for dosing recommendations. Appropriate laboratory testing such as serum liver biochemistries should be conducted prior to initiating therapy with PREZISTA/ritonavir .

2.2Monitoring During Treatment with PREZISTA/ritonavir Patients

with underlying chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or in patients who have pre-treatment elevations of transaminases should be monitored for elevation in serum liver biochemistries, especially during the first several months of PREZISTA/ritonavir treatment .

2.3Recommended Dosage in Adult Patients

PREZISTA must be co-administered with ritonavir to exert its therapeutic effect. Failure to correctly co-administer PREZISTA with ritonavir will result in plasma levels of darunavir that will be insufficient to achieve the desired antiviral effect and will alter some drug interactions. Patients who have difficulty swallowing PREZISTA tablets can use the 100 mg per mL PREZISTA oral suspension.

Treatment-Naïve Adult Patients The recommended oral dose of PREZISTA is 800 mg (one 800 mg tablet or 8 mL of the oral suspension) taken with ritonavir 100 mg (one 100 mg tablet or capsule or 1.25 mL of a 80 mg per mL ritonavir oral solution) once daily and with food. An 8 mL PREZISTA dose should be taken as two 4 mL administrations with the included oral dosing syringe. Treatment-Experienced Adult Patients The recommended oral dosage for treatment-experienced adult patients is summarized in Table 1.

Baseline genotypic testing is recommended for dose selection. However, when genotypic testing is not feasible, PREZISTA 600 mg taken with ritonavir 100 mg twice daily is recommended. Table 1: Recommended PREZISTA/ritonavir Dosage in Treatment-Experienced Adult Patients Formulation and Recommended Dosing Baseline Resistance PREZISTA tablets with ritonavir tablets or capsule PREZISTA oral suspension (100 mg/mL) with ritonavir oral solution (80 mg/mL) With no darunavir resistance associated substitutions V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54L, I54M, T74P, L76V, I84V and L89V One 800 mg PREZISTA tablet with one 100 mg ritonavir tablet/capsule, taken once daily with food 8 mL An 8 mL darunavir dose should be taken as two 4 mL administrations with the included oral dosing syringe.

PREZISTA oral suspension with 1.25 mL ritonavir oral solution, taken once daily with food With at least one darunavir resistance associated substitutions , or with no baseline resistance information One 600 mg PREZISTA tablet with one 100 mg ritonavir tablet/capsule, taken twice daily with food 6 mL PREZISTA oral suspension with 1.25 mL ritonavir oral solution, taken twice daily with food

2.4Recommended Dosage During Pregnancy The

recommended dosage in pregnant patients is PREZISTA 600 mg taken with ritonavir 100 mg twice daily with food. PREZISTA 800 mg taken with ritonavir 100 mg once daily should only be considered in certain pregnant patients who are already on a stable PREZISTA 800 mg with ritonavir 100 mg once daily regimen prior to pregnancy, are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL), and in whom a change to twice daily PREZISTA 600 mg with ritonavir 100 mg may compromise tolerability or compliance.

2.5Recommended Dosage in Pediatric Patients

(age 3 to less than 18 years) Healthcare professionals should pay special attention to accurate dose selection of PREZISTA, transcription of the medication order, dispensing information and dosing instruction to minimize risk for medication errors, overdose, and underdose. Prescribers should select the appropriate dose of PREZISTA/ritonavir for each individual child based on body weight (kg) and should not exceed the recommended dose for adults. Before prescribing PREZISTA, children weighing greater than or equal to 15 kg should be assessed for the ability to swallow tablets.

If a child is unable to reliably swallow a tablet, the use of PREZISTA oral suspension should be considered. The recommended dose of PREZISTA/ritonavir for pediatric patients (3 to less than 18 years of age and weighing at least 10 kg is based on body weight and should not exceed the recommended adult dose. PREZISTA should be taken with ritonavir and with food.

The recommendations for the PREZISTA/ritonavir dosage regimens were based on pediatric clinical trial data and population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation . Dosing Recommendations for Treatment-Naïve Pediatric Patients or Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced Pediatric Patients with No Darunavir Resistance Associated Substitutions Pediatric Patients Weighing At Least 10 kg but Less than 15 kg The weight-based dose in antiretroviral treatment-naïve pediatric patients or antiretroviral treatment-experienced pediatric patients with no darunavir resistance associated substitutions is PREZISTA 35 mg/kg once daily with ritonavir 7 mg/kg once daily using the following table: Table 2: Recommended Dose for Pediatric Patients Weighing 10 kg to Less Than 15 kg Who are Treatment-Naïve or Treatment-Experienced with No Darunavir Resistance Associated Substitutions darunavir resistance associated substitutions: V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54M, I54L, T74P, L76V, I84V and L89V Body weight (kg) Formulation: PREZISTA oral suspension (100 mg/mL) and ritonavir oral solution (80 mg/mL) Dose: once daily with food Greater than or equal to 10 kg to less than 11 kg PREZISTA 3.6 mL The 350 mg, 385 mg, 455 mg and 490 mg darunavir dose for the specified weight groups were rounded up for suspension dosing convenience to 3.6 mL, 4 mL, 4.6 mL and 5 mL, respectively. (350 mg) with ritonavir 0.8 mL (64 mg) Greater than or equal to 11 kg to less than 12 kg PREZISTA 4 mL (385 mg) with ritonavir 0.8 mL (64 mg) Greater than or equal to 12 kg to less than 13 kg PREZISTA 4.2 mL (420 mg) with ritonavir 1 mL (80 mg) Greater than or equal to 13 kg to less than 14 kg PREZISTA 4.6 mL (455 mg) with ritonavir 1 mL (80 mg) Greater than or equal to 14 kg to less than 15 kg PREZISTA 5 mL (490 mg) with ritonavir 1.2 mL (96 mg) Pediatric Patients Weighing At Least 15 kg Pediatric patients weighing at least 15 kg can be dosed with PREZISTA oral tablet(s) or suspension using the following table: Table 3: Recommended Dose for Pediatric Patients Weighing At Least 15 kg Who are Treatment-Naïve or Treatment-Experienced with No Darunavir Resistance Associated Substitutions darunavir resistance associated substitutions: V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54M, I54L, T74P, L76V, I84V and L89V Body weight (kg) Formulation: PREZISTA tablet(s) and ritonavir capsules or tablets (100 mg) Formulation: PREZISTA oral suspension (100 mg/mL) and ritonavir oral solution (80 mg/mL) Dose: once daily with food Dose: once daily with food Greater than or equal to 15 kg to less than 30 kg PREZISTA 600 mg with ritonavir 100 mg PREZISTA 6 mL (600 mg) with ritonavir 1.25 mL (100 mg) Greater than or equal to 30 kg to less than 40 kg PREZISTA 675 mg with ritonavir 100 mg PREZISTA 6.8 mL The 675 mg dose using darunavir tablets for this weight group is rounded up to 6.8 mL for suspension dosing convenience. The 6.8 mL and 8 mL darunavir dose should be taken as two (3.4 mL or 4 mL respectively) administrations with the included oral dosing syringe. (675 mg) with ritonavir 1.25 mL (100 mg) Greater than or equal to 40 kg PREZISTA 800 mg with ritonavir 100 mg PREZISTA 8 mL (800 mg) with ritonavir 1.25 mL (100 mg) Dosing Recommendations for Treatment-Experienced Pediatric Patients with At Least One Darunavir Resistance Associated Substitutions Pediatric Patients Weighing At Least 10 kg but Less than 15 kg The weight-based dose in antiretroviral treatment-experienced pediatric patients with at least one darunavir resistance associated substitution is PREZISTA 20 mg/kg twice daily with ritonavir 3 mg/kg twice daily using the following table: Table 4: Recommended Dose for Pediatric Patients Weighing 10 kg to Less Than 15 kg Who are Treatment-Experienced with At Least One Darunavir Resistance Associated Substitution darunavir resistance associated substitutions: V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54M, I54L, T74P, L76V, I84V and L89V Body weight (kg) Formulation: PREZISTA oral suspension (100 mg/mL) and ritonavir oral solution (80 mg/mL) Dose: twice daily with food Greater than or equal to 10 kg to less than 11 kg PREZISTA 2 mL (200 mg) with ritonavir 0.4 mL (32 mg) Greater than or equal to 11 kg to less than 12 kg PREZISTA 2.2 mL (220 mg) with ritonavir 0.4 mL (32 mg) Greater than or equal to 12 kg to less than 13 kg PREZISTA 2.4 mL (240 mg) with ritonavir 0.5 mL (40 mg) Greater than or equal to 13 kg to less than 14 kg PREZISTA 2.6 mL (260 mg) with ritonavir 0.5 mL (40 mg) Greater than or equal to 14 kg to less than 15 kg PREZISTA 2.8 mL (280 mg) with ritonavir 0.6 mL (48 mg) Pediatric Patients Weighing At Least 15 kg Pediatric patients weighing at least 15 kg can be dosed with PREZISTA oral tablet(s) or suspension using the following table: Table 5: Recommended Dose for Pediatric Patients Weighing At Least 15 kg Who are Treatment-Experienced with At Least One Darunavir Resistance Associated Substitution darunavir resistance associated substitutions: V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54M, I54L, T74P, L76V, I84V and L89V Body weight (kg) Formulation: PREZISTA tablet(s) and ritonavir tablets, capsules (100 mg) or oral solution (80 mg/mL) Formulation: PREZISTA oral suspension (100 mg/mL) and ritonavir oral solution (80 mg/mL) Dose: twice daily with food Dose: twice daily with food Greater than or equal to 15 kg to less than 30 kg PREZISTA 375 mg with ritonavir 0.6 mL (48 mg) PREZISTA 3.8 mL (375 mg) The 375 mg and 450 mg dose using darunavir tablets for this weight group is rounded up to 3.8 mL and 4.6 mL for suspension dosing convenience. with ritonavir 0.6 mL (48 mg) Greater than or equal to 30 kg to less than 40 kg PREZISTA 450 mg with ritonavir 0.75 mL (60 mg) PREZISTA 4.6 mL (450 mg) with ritonavir 0.75 mL (60 mg) Greater than or equal to 40 kg PREZISTA 600 mg with ritonavir 100 mg PREZISTA 6 mL (600 mg) with ritonavir 1.25 mL (100 mg) The use of PREZISTA/ritonavir in pediatric patients below 3 years of age is not recommended .

2.6Not Recommended in Patients with Severe Hepatic

Impairment No dosage adjustment is required in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. No data are available regarding the use of PREZISTA/ritonavir when co-administered to subjects with severe hepatic impairment; therefore, PREZISTA/ritonavir is not recommended for use in patients with severe hepatic impairment .

Drug-induced hepatitis (e.g., acute hepatitis, cytolytic hepatitis) has been reported with PREZISTA/ritonavir. Monitor liver function before and during therapy, especially in patients with underlying chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or in patients who have pre-treatment elevations of transaminases. Post-marketing cases of liver injury, including some fatalities, have been reported. Skin reactions ranging from mild to severe, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, have been reported. Discontinue treatment if severe reaction develops. Use with caution in patients with a known sulfonamide allergy. Patients may develop new onset diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia. Initiation or dose adjustments of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be required. Patients may develop redistribution/accumulation of body fat or immune reconstitution syndrome. ( 5.7 , 5.8 ) Patients with hemophilia may develop increased bleeding events. PREZISTA/ritonavir is not recommended in pediatric patients below 3 years of age in view of toxicity and mortality observed in juvenile rats dosed with darunavir up to days 23 to 26 of age.

5.1Importance of Co-administration with Ritonavir

PREZISTA must be co-administered with ritonavir and food to achieve the desired antiviral effect. Failure to administer PREZISTA with ritonavir and food may result in a loss of efficacy of darunavir. Please refer to ritonavir prescribing information for additional information on precautionary measures.

5.2Hepatotoxicity Drug-induced

hepatitis (e.g., acute hepatitis, cytolytic hepatitis) has been reported with PREZISTA/ritonavir. During the clinical development program (N=3063), hepatitis was reported in 0.5% of patients receiving combination therapy with PREZISTA/ritonavir. Patients with pre-existing liver dysfunction, including chronic active hepatitis B or C, have an increased risk for liver function abnormalities including severe hepatic adverse events.

Post-marketing cases of liver injury, including some fatalities, have been reported. These have generally occurred in patients with advanced HIV-1 disease taking multiple concomitant medications, having co-morbidities including hepatitis B or C co-infection, and/or developing immune reconstitution syndrome. A causal relationship with PREZISTA/ritonavir therapy has not been established.

Appropriate laboratory testing should be conducted prior to initiating therapy with PREZISTA/ritonavir and patients should be monitored during treatment. Increased AST/ALT monitoring should be considered in patients with underlying chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or in patients who have pre-treatment elevations of transaminases, especially during the first several months of PREZISTA/ritonavir treatment. Evidence of new or worsening liver dysfunction (including clinically significant elevation of liver enzymes and/or symptoms such as fatigue, anorexia, nausea, jaundice, dark urine, liver tenderness, hepatomegaly) in patients on PREZISTA/ritonavir should prompt consideration of interruption or discontinuation of treatment.

5.3Severe Skin Reactions During the

clinical development program (n=3063), severe skin reactions, accompanied by fever and/or elevations of transaminases in some cases, have been reported in 0.4% of subjects. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome was rarely (less than 0.1%) reported during the clinical development program. During post-marketing experience toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis have been reported.

Discontinue PREZISTA/ritonavir immediately if signs or symptoms of severe skin reactions develop. These can include but are not limited to severe rash or rash accompanied with fever, general malaise, fatigue, muscle or joint aches, blisters, oral lesions, conjunctivitis, hepatitis and/or eosinophilia. Rash (all grades, regardless of causality) occurred in 10.3% of subjects treated with PREZISTA/ritonavir . Rash was mostly mild-to-moderate, often occurring within the first four weeks of treatment and resolving with continued dosing.

The discontinuation rate due to rash in subjects using PREZISTA/ritonavir was 0.5%. Rash occurred more commonly in treatment-experienced subjects receiving regimens containing PREZISTA/ritonavir + raltegravir compared to subjects receiving PREZISTA/ritonavir without raltegravir or raltegravir without PREZISTA/ritonavir. However, rash that was considered drug related occurred at similar rates for all three groups. These rashes were mild to moderate in severity and did not limit therapy; there were no discontinuations due to rash.

5.4Sulfa Allergy Darunavir

contains a sulfonamide moiety. PREZISTA should be used with caution in patients with a known sulfonamide allergy. In clinical studies with PREZISTA/ritonavir, the incidence and severity of rash were similar in subjects with or without a history of sulfonamide allergy.

5.5Risk of Serious Adverse Reactions

due to Drug Interactions Initiation of PREZISTA/ritonavir, a CYP3A inhibitor, in patients receiving medications metabolized by CYP3A or initiation of medications metabolized by CYP3A in patients already receiving PREZISTA/ritonavir, may increase plasma concentrations of medications metabolized by CYP3A and reduce plasma concentrations of active metabolite(s) formed by CYP3A. Initiation of medications that inhibit or induce CYP3A may increase or decrease concentrations of PREZISTA/ritonavir, respectively. These interactions may lead to: Clinically significant adverse reactions, potentially leading to severe, life threatening, or fatal events from greater exposures of concomitant medications. Clinically significant adverse reactions from greater exposures of PREZISTA/ritonavir.

Loss of therapeutic effect of the concomitant medications from lower exposures of active metabolite(s). Loss of therapeutic effect of PREZISTA/ritonavir and possible development of resistance from lower exposures of PREZISTA/ritonavir. See Table 10 for steps to prevent or manage these possible and known significant drug interactions, including dosing recommendations . Consider the potential for drug interactions prior to and during PREZISTA/ritonavir therapy; review concomitant medications during PREZISTA/ritonavir therapy; and monitor for the adverse reactions associated with the concomitant drugs .

5.6Diabetes Mellitus/Hyperglycemia New

onset diabetes mellitus, exacerbation of pre-existing diabetes mellitus, and hyperglycemia have been reported during postmarketing surveillance in HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitor (PI) therapy. Some patients required either initiation or dose adjustments of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents for treatment of these events. In some cases, diabetic ketoacidosis has occurred.

In those patients who discontinued PI therapy, hyperglycemia persisted in some cases. Because these events have been reported voluntarily during clinical practice, estimates of frequency cannot be made and causal relationships between PI therapy and these events have not been established.

5.7Fat Redistribution Redistribution/accumulation of

body fat, including central obesity, dorsocervical fat enlargement (buffalo hump), peripheral wasting, facial wasting, breast enlargement, and "cushingoid appearance" have been observed in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. The mechanism and long-term consequences of these events are currently unknown. A causal relationship has not been established.

5.8Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Immune

reconstitution syndrome has been reported in patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy, including PREZISTA. During the initial phase of combination antiretroviral treatment, patients whose immune systems respond may develop an inflammatory response to indolent or residual opportunistic infections (such as Mycobacterium avium infection, cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia [PCP], or tuberculosis), which may necessitate further evaluation and treatment. Autoimmune disorders (such as Graves' disease, polymyositis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and autoimmune hepatitis) have also been reported to occur in the setting of immune reconstitution; however, the time to onset is more variable, and can occur many months after initiation of antiretroviral treatment.

5.9Hemophilia There

have been reports of increased bleeding, including spontaneous skin hematomas and hemarthrosis in patients with hemophilia type A and B treated with PIs. In some patients, additional factor VIII was given. In more than half of the reported cases, treatment with PIs was continued or reintroduced if treatment had been discontinued.

A causal relationship between PI therapy and these episodes has not been established.

5.10Not Recommended in Pediatric Patients Below

3 Years of Age PREZISTA/ritonavir in pediatric patients below 3 years of age is not recommended in view of toxicity and mortality observed in juvenile rats dosed with darunavir (from 20 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg) up to days 23 to 26 of age .

Co-administration of PREZISTA/ritonavir is contraindicated with drugs that are highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance and for which elevated plasma concentrations are associated with serious and/or life-threatening events (narrow therapeutic index). Examples of these drugs and other contraindicated drugs (which may lead to reduced efficacy of darunavir) are listed below . Due to the need for co-administration of PREZISTA with ritonavir, please refer to ritonavir prescribing information for a description of ritonavir contraindications. Alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonist: alfuzosin Anti-gout: colchicine, in patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment Antimycobacterial: rifampin Antipsychotics: lurasidone, pimozide Cardiac Disorders: dronedarone, ivabradine, ranolazine Ergot derivatives, e.g. dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergonovine Herbal product: St.

John's wort ( Hypericum perforatum ) Hepatitis C direct acting antiviral: elbasvir/grazoprevir Lipid modifying agents: lomitapide, lovastatin, simvastatin Opioid Antagonist: naloxegol PDE-5 inhibitor: sildenafil when used for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension Sedatives/hypnotics: orally administered midazolam, triazolam Co-administration of PREZISTA/ritonavir is contraindicated with drugs that are highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance and for which elevated plasma concentrations are associated with serious and/or life-threatening events (narrow therapeutic index).

8.1Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There

is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to PREZISTA during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) 1-800-258-4263. Risk Summary Prospective pregnancy data from the APR are not sufficient to adequately assess the risk of birth defects or miscarriage.

Available limited data from the APR show no statistically significant difference in the overall risk of major birth defects for darunavir compared with the background rate for major birth defects of 2.7% in a U.S. reference population of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP ) . The rate of miscarriage is not reported in the APR. The estimated background rate of miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies in the U.S. general population is 15-20%. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. Studies in animals did not show evidence of developmental toxicity. Exposures (based on AUC) in rats were 3-fold higher, whereas in mice and rabbits, exposures were lower (less than 1-fold) than human exposures at the recommended daily dose . Clinical Considerations The recommended dosage in pregnant patients is PREZISTA 600 mg taken with ritonavir 100 mg twice daily with food.

PREZISTA 800 mg taken with ritonavir 100 mg once daily should only be considered in certain pregnant patients who are already on a stable PREZISTA 800 mg with ritonavir 100 mg once daily regimen prior to pregnancy, are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL), and in whom a change to twice daily PREZISTA 600 mg with ritonavir 100 mg may compromise tolerability or compliance . Data Human Data PREZISTA/ritonavir (600/100 mg twice daily or 800/100 mg once daily) in combination with a background regimen was evaluated in a clinical trial of 36 pregnant women during the second and third trimesters, and postpartum. Eighteen subjects were enrolled in each BID and QD treatment arms. Twenty-nine subjects completed the trial through the postpartum period (6–12 weeks after delivery) and 7 subjects discontinued before trial completion, 5 subjects in the BID arm and 2 subjects in the QD arm.

The pharmacokinetic data demonstrate that exposure to darunavir and ritonavir as part of an antiretroviral regimen was lower during pregnancy compared with postpartum (6–12 weeks). Exposure reductions during pregnancy were greater for the once daily regimen as compared to the twice daily regimen . Virologic response was preserved. In the BID arm, the proportion of subjects with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL were 39% (7/18) at baseline, 61% (11/18) through the third trimester visit, and 61% (11/18) through the 6–12 week postpartum visit.

Virologic outcomes during the third trimester visit showed HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL for 11% (2/18) of subjects and were missing for 5 subjects (1 subject discontinued prematurely due to virologic failure). In the QD arm, the proportion of subjects with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL were 61% (11/18) at baseline, 83% (15/18) through the third trimester visit, and 78% (14/18) through the 6–12 week postpartum visit. Virologic outcomes during the third trimester visit showed HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL for none of the subjects and were missing for 3 subjects (1 subject discontinued prematurely due to virologic failure).

PREZISTA/ritonavir was well tolerated during pregnancy and postpartum. There were no new clinically relevant safety findings compared with the known safety profile of PREZISTA/ritonavir in HIV-1-infected adults. Among the 31 infants with HIV test results available data, born to the 31 HIV-infected pregnant women who completed trial through delivery or postpartum period, all 31 infants had test results that were negative for HIV-1 at the time of delivery and/or through 16 weeks postpartum.

All 31 infants received antiretroviral prophylactic treatment containing zidovudine. Based on prospective reports to the APR of over 980 exposures to darunavir-containing regimens during pregnancy resulting in live births (including over 660 exposed in the first trimester and over 320 exposed in the second/third trimester), the prevalence of birth defects in live births was 3.6.% (95% CI: 2.3% to 5.3.%) with first trimester exposure to darunavir-containing regimens and 2.5% (95% CI: 1.1% to 4.8%) with second/third trimester exposure to darunavir-containing regimens. Animal Data Reproduction studies conducted with darunavir showed no embryotoxicity or teratogenicity in mice (doses up to 1000 mg/kg from gestation day (GD) 6-15 with darunavir alone) and rats (doses up to 1000 mg/kg from GD 7-19 in the presence or absence of ritonavir) as well as in rabbits (doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day from GD 8-20 with darunavir alone).

In these studies, darunavir exposures (based on AUC) were higher in rats (3-fold), whereas in mice and rabbits, exposures were lower (less than 1-fold) compared to those obtained in humans at the recommended clinical dose of darunavir boosted with ritonavir.

The following adverse reactions are discussed in other sections of labeling: Hepatotoxicity Severe Skin Reactions Diabetes Mellitus/Hyperglycemia Fat Redistribution Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Hemophilia Due to the need for co-administration of PREZISTA with ritonavir, please refer to ritonavir prescribing information for ritonavir-associated adverse reactions. The most common clinical adverse drug reactions to PREZISTA/ritonavir (incidence greater than or equal to 5%) of at least moderate intensity (greater than or equal to Grade 2) were diarrhea, nausea, rash, headache, abdominal pain and vomiting. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Janssen Products, LP at 1-800-JANSSEN (1-800-526-7736) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1Clinical Trials Experience Because

clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. Treatment Naïve-Adults: TMC114-C211 The safety assessment is based on all safety data from the Phase 3 trial TMC114-C211 comparing PREZISTA/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily versus lopinavir/ritonavir 800/200 mg per day in 689 antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected adult subjects. The total mean exposure for subjects in the PREZISTA/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily arm and in the lopinavir/ritonavir 800/200 mg per day arm was 162.5 and 153.5 weeks, respectively.

The majority of the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported during treatment with PREZISTA/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily were mild in severity. The most common clinical ADRs to PREZISTA/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily (greater than or equal to 5%) of at least moderate intensity (greater than or equal to Grade 2) were diarrhea, headache, abdominal pain and rash. 2.3% of subjects in the PREZISTA/ritonavir arm discontinued treatment due to ADRs. ADRs to PREZISTA/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily of at least moderate intensity (greater than or equal to Grade 2) in antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected adult subjects are presented in Table 6 and subsequent text below the table.

Table 6: Selected Clinical Adverse Drug Reactions to PREZISTA/ritonavir 800/100 mg Once Daily Excluding laboratory abnormalities reported as ADRs. of at Least Moderate Intensity (≥Grade 2) Occurring in ≥2% of Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Adult Subjects (Trial TMC114-C211) System organ class, preferred term, % PREZISTA/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily + TDF/FTC N=343 lopinavir/ritonavir 800/200 mg per day + TDF/FTC N=346 N=total number of subjects per treatment group; FTC=emtricitabine; TDF=tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Gastrointestinal Disorders Abdominal pain 6% 6% Diarrhea 9% 16% Nausea 4% 4% Vomiting 2% 4% General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions Fatigue <1% 3% Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders Anorexia 2% <1% Nervous System Disorders Headache 7% 6% Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders Rash 6% 7% Less Common Adverse Reactions Treatment-emergent ADRs of at least moderate intensity (greater than or equal to Grade 2) occurring in less than 2% of antiretroviral treatment-naïve subjects receiving PREZISTA/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily are listed below by body system: Gastrointestinal Disorders : acute pancreatitis, dyspepsia, flatulence General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions : asthenia Hepatobiliary Disorders : acute hepatitis (e.g., acute hepatitis, cytolytic hepatitis, hepatotoxicity) Immune System Disorders : (drug) hypersensitivity, immune reconstitution syndrome Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders : diabetes mellitus Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders : myalgia, osteonecrosis Psychiatric Disorders : abnormal dreams Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders : angioedema, pruritus, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, urticaria Laboratory Abnormalities Selected Grade 2 to 4 laboratory abnormalities that represent a worsening from baseline observed in antiretroviral treatment-naïve adult subjects treated with PREZISTA/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily are presented in Table 7. Table 7: Grade 2 to 4 Laboratory Abnormalities Observed in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Adult Subjects Grade 4 data not applicable in Division of AIDS grading scale. (Trial TMC114-C211) Laboratory parameter % Limit PREZISTA/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily + TDF/FTC lopinavir/ritonavir 800/200 mg per day + TDF/FTC N=total number of subjects per treatment group; FTC=emtricitabine; TDF=tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Biochemistry Alanine Aminotransferase Grade 2 >2.5 to ≤5.0 × ULN 9% 9% Grade 3 >5.0 to ≤10.0 × ULN 3% 3% Grade 4 >10.0 × ULN <1% 3% Aspartate Aminotransferase Grade 2 >2.5 to ≤5.0 × ULN 7% 10% Grade 3 >5.0 to ≤10.0 × ULN 4% 2% Grade 4 >10.0 × ULN 1% 3% Alkaline Phosphatase Grade 2 >2.5 to ≤5.0 × ULN 1% 1% Grade 3 >5.0 to ≤10.0 × ULN 0% <1% Grade 4 >10.0 × ULN 0% 0% Hyperbilirubinemia Grade 2 >1.5 to ≤2.5 × ULN <1% 5% Grade 3 >2.5 to ≤5.0 × ULN <1% <1% Grade 4 >5.0 × ULN 0% 0% Triglycerides Grade 2 5.65–8.48 mmol/L 500–750 mg/dL 3% 10% Grade 3 8.49–13.56 mmol/L 751–1200 mg/dL 2% 5% Grade 4 >13.56 mmol/L >1200 mg/dL 1% 1% Total Cholesterol Grade 2 6.20–7.77 mmol/L 240–300 mg/dL 23% 27% Grade 3 >7.77 mmol/L >300 mg/dL 1% 5% Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Grade 2 4.13–4.90 mmol/L 160–190 mg/dL 14% 12% Grade 3 ≥4.91 mmol/L ≥191 mg/dL 9% 6% Elevated Glucose Levels Grade 2 6.95–13.88 mmol/L 126–250 mg/dL 11% 10% Grade 3 13.89–27.75 mmol/L 251–500 mg/dL 1% <1% Grade 4 >27.75 mmol/L >500 mg/dL 0% 0% Pancreatic Lipase Grade 2 >1.5 to ≤3.0 × ULN 3% 2% Grade 3 >3.0 to ≤5.0 × ULN <1% 1% Grade 4 >5.0 × ULN 0% <1% Pancreatic Amylase Grade 2 >1.5 to ≤2.0 × ULN 5% 2% Grade 3 >2.0 to ≤5.0 × ULN 5% 4% Grade 4 >5.0 × ULN 0% <1% Treatment-Experienced Adults: TMC114-C214 The safety assessment is based on all safety data from the Phase 3 trial TMC114-C214 comparing PREZISTA/ritonavir 600/100 mg twice daily versus lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg twice daily in 595 antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected adult subjects. The total mean exposure for subjects in the PREZISTA/ritonavir 600/100 mg twice daily arm and in the lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg twice daily arm was 80.7 and 76.4 weeks, respectively.

The majority of the ADRs reported during treatment with PREZISTA/ritonavir 600/100 mg twice daily were mild in severity. The most common clinical ADRs to PREZISTA/ritonavir 600/100 mg twice daily (greater than or equal to 5%) of at least moderate intensity (greater than or equal to Grade 2) were diarrhea, nausea, rash, abdominal pain and vomiting. 4.7% of subjects in the PREZISTA/ritonavir arm discontinued treatment due to ADRs. ADRs to PREZISTA/ritonavir 600/100 mg twice daily of at least moderate intensity (greater than or equal to Grade 2) in antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected adult subjects are presented in Table 8 and subsequent text below the table.

Table 8: Selected Clinical Adverse Drug Reactions to PREZISTA/ritonavir 600/100 mg Twice Daily Excluding laboratory abnormalities reported as ADRs. of at Least Moderate Intensity (≥Grade 2) Occurring in ≥2% of Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced HIV-1-Infected Adult Subjects (Trial TMC114-C214) System organ class, preferred term, % PREZISTA/ritonavir 600/100 mg twice daily + OBR N=298 lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg twice daily + OBR N=297 N=total number of subjects per treatment group; OBR=optimized background regimen Gastrointestinal Disorders Abdominal distension 2% <1% Abdominal pain 6% 3% Diarrhea 14% 20% Dyspepsia 2% 1% Nausea 7% 6% Vomiting 5% 3% General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions Asthenia 3% 1% Fatigue 2% 1% Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders Anorexia 2% 2% Diabetes mellitus 2% <1% Nervous System Disorders Headache 3% 3% Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders Rash 7% 3% Less Common Adverse Reactions Treatment-emergent ADRs of at least moderate intensity (greater than or equal to Grade 2) occurring in less than 2% of antiretroviral treatment-experienced subjects receiving PREZISTA/ritonavir 600/100 mg twice daily are listed below by body system: Gastrointestinal Disorders : acute pancreatitis, flatulence Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders : myalgia Psychiatric Disorders : abnormal dreams Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders : pruritus, urticaria Laboratory Abnormalities Selected Grade 2 to 4 laboratory abnormalities that represent a worsening from baseline observed in antiretroviral treatment-experienced adult subjects treated with PREZISTA/ritonavir 600/100 mg twice daily are presented in Table 9. Table 9: Grade 2 to 4 Laboratory Abnormalities Observed in Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced HIV-1-Infected Adult Subjects Grade 4 data not applicable in Division of AIDS grading scale. (Trial TMC114-C214) Laboratory parameter, % Limit PREZISTA/ritonavir 600/100 mg twice daily + OBR lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg twice daily + OBR N=total number of subjects per treatment group; OBR=optimized background regimen Biochemistry Alanine Aminotransferase Grade 2 >2.5 to ≤5.0 × ULN 7% 5% Grade 3 >5.0 to ≤10.0 × ULN 2% 2% Grade 4 >10.0 × ULN 1% 2% Aspartate Aminotransferase Grade 2 >2.5 to ≤5.0 × ULN 6% 6% Grade 3 >5.0 to ≤10.0 × ULN 2% 2% Grade 4 >10.0 × ULN <1% 2% Alkaline Phosphatase Grade 2 >2.5 to ≤5.0 × ULN <1% 0% Grade 3 >5.0 to ≤10.0 × ULN <1% <1% Grade 4 >10.0 × ULN 0% 0% Hyperbilirubinemia Grade 2 >1.5 to ≤2.5 × ULN <1% 2% Grade 3 >2.5 to ≤5.0 × ULN <1% <1% Grade 4 >5.0 × ULN <1% 0% Triglycerides Grade 2 5.65–8.48 mmol/L 500–750 mg/dL 10% 11% Grade 3 8.49–13.56 mmol/L 751–1200 mg/dL 7% 10% Grade 4 >13.56 mmol/L >1200 mg/dL 3% 6% Total Cholesterol Grade 2 6.20–7.77 mmol/L 240–300 mg/dL 25% 23% Grade 3 >7.77 mmol/L >300 mg/dL 10% 14% Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Grade 2 4.13–4.90 mmol/L 160–190 mg/dL 14% 14% Grade 3 ≥4.91 mmol/L ≥191 mg/dL 8% 9% Elevated Glucose Levels Grade 2 6.95–13.88 mmol/L 126–250 mg/dL 10% 11% Grade 3 13.89–27.75 mmol/L 251–500 mg/dL 1% <1% Grade 4 >27.75 mmol/L >500 mg/dL <1% 0% Pancreatic Lipase Grade 2 >1.5 to ≤3.0 × ULN 3% 4% Grade 3 >3.0 to ≤5.0 × ULN 2% <1% Grade 4 >5.0 × ULN <1% 0% Pancreatic Amylase Grade 2 >1.5 to ≤2.0 × ULN 6% 7% Grade 3 >2.0 to ≤5.0 × ULN 7% 3% Grade 4 >5.0 × ULN 0% 0% Serious ADRs The following serious ADRs of at least moderate intensity (greater than or equal to Grade 2) occurred in the Phase 2b and Phase 3 trials with PREZISTA/ritonavir: abdominal pain, acute hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, anorexia, asthenia, diabetes mellitus, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, hepatic enzyme increased, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, immune reconstitution syndrome, low density lipoprotein increased, nausea, pancreatic enzyme increased, rash, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, and vomiting. Patients Co-Infected with Hepatitis B and/or Hepatitis C Virus In subjects co-infected with hepatitis B or C virus receiving PREZISTA/ritonavir, the incidence of adverse events and clinical chemistry abnormalities was not higher than in subjects receiving PREZISTA/ritonavir who were not co-infected, except for increased hepatic enzymes . The pharmacokinetic exposure in co-infected subjects was comparable to that in subjects without co-infection.

Clinical Trials Experience: Pediatric Patients PREZISTA/ritonavir has been studied in combination with other antiretroviral agents in 3 Phase 2 trials. TMC114-C212, in which 80 antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected pediatric subjects 6 to less than 18 years of age and weighing at least 20 kg were included, TMC114-C228, in which 21 antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected pediatric subjects 3 to less than 6 years of age and weighing at least 10 kg were included, and TMC114-C230 in which 12 antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected pediatric patients aged from 12 to less than 18 years and weighing at least 40 kg were included. The TMC114-C212 and C228 trials evaluated PREZISTA/ritonavir twice daily dosing and the TMC114-C230 trial evaluated PREZISTA/ritonavir once daily dosing . Frequency, type, and severity of ADRs in pediatric subjects were comparable to those observed in adults.

TMC114-C212 Clinical ADRs to PREZISTA/ritonavir (all grades, greater than or equal to 3%), were vomiting (13%), diarrhea (11%), abdominal pain (10%), headache (9%), rash (5%), nausea (4%), and fatigue (3%). Grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities were ALT increased (Grade 3: 3%; Grade 4: 1%), AST increased (Grade 3: 1%), pancreatic amylase increased (Grade 3: 4%, Grade 4: 1%), pancreatic lipase increased (Grade 3: 1%), total cholesterol increased (Grade 3: 1%), and LDL increased (Grade 3: 3%). TMC114-C228 Clinical ADRs to PREZISTA/ritonavir (all grades, greater than or equal to 5%), were diarrhea (24%), vomiting (19%), rash (19%), abdominal pain (5%), and anorexia (5%).

There were no Grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities considered as ADRs in this trial. TMC114-C230 Clinical ADRs to PREZISTA/ritonavir (all grades, greater than or equal to 3%), were vomiting (33%), nausea (25%), diarrhea (16.7%), abdominal pain (8.3%), decreased appetite (8.3%), pruritus (8.3%), and rash (8.3%). There were no Grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities considered as ADRs in this trial.

6.2Postmarketing Experience The

following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of PREZISTA. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Redistribution of body fat Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Rhabdomyolysis (associated with co-administration with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and PREZISTA/ritonavir) Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms Renal and Urinary Disorders: Crystal nephropathy, crystalluria