Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are muscular tumors that grow in the wall of the uterus (womb). Uterine fibroids are sometimes called "leiomyoma" or "myoma". Fibroids are almost always benign (not cancerous). Fibroids can grow as a single tumor, or there can be many of them in the uterus. They can be as small as an apple seed or as big as a grapefruit or even larger. 

About 20 percent to 80 percent of women develop fibroids by the time they reach age 50. Age, family history, ethnic origin, weight and diets high in red meat may increase a woman's risk of developing fibroids. Although no one knows the exact cause, hormonal or genetic factors are thought to play a role in the development of fibroids.

Uterine fibroids can be diagnosed during regular pelvic exams or with imaging tests.

Not all women with fibroids have symptoms. Women who do have symptoms often find fibroids hard to live with. Some have pain and heavy menstrual bleeding. Fibroids also can put pressure on the bladder, causing frequent urination, or the rectum, causing rectal pressure.

For women who have fibroids with no symptoms, treatment may not be necessary. For mild symptoms, certain pain-relieving medications may be recommended as well as certain hormonal medications. Surgery may be necessary if fibroids cause moderate or severe symptoms.

The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unknown. More than one factor could play a role. These factors could be:

• Hormonal (affected by estrogen and progesterone levels)
• Genetic (runs in families)

See your doctor for heavy or prolonged periods, pelvic pressure or pain, frequent urination, or trouble getting pregnant. Seek urgent care for very heavy bleeding or sudden, severe pelvic pain.