Restless Legs Syndrome

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder of the nervous system. RLS causes a powerful urge to move the legs – so much so that the legs become uncomfortable when people are lying down or sitting, typically in the evenings. People typically describe RLS symptoms as abnormal, unpleasant sensations in their legs or feet, usually on both sides of the body. Some people describe it as a creeping, crawling, tingling, or burning sensation. Less commonly, the sensations affect the arms.

Moving eases the unpleasant feeling temporarily. RLS can make it hard to fall asleep and stay asleep.

Lifestyle changes, such as regular sleep habits, relaxation techniques, and moderate exercise during the day can help improve the symptoms of RLS. Medicines may also reduce the symptoms of RLS.

RLS can begin at any age and generally worsens as you age. It can disrupt sleep and make traveling and day-to-day activities difficult.

In most cases, there is no known cause for RLS. In other cases, RLS is caused by a disease or condition, such as anemia or pregnancy. Some medicines can also cause temporary RLS. Caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol may make symptoms worse. An imbalance of dopamine – the chemical that transports messages about muscle movement – in the brain likely plays a role in RLS.

RLS may run in families, especially if the condition begins before age 50.

Several things can trigger or worsen RLS symptoms, including:

• sitting for long periods of time such as in a car, airplane, or theater
• some conditions such as iron deficiency, kidney failure, diabetes, nerve problems, or pregnancy
• taking certain medicines such as some antihistamines or antidepressants
• drinking alcohol or caffeine
• smoking or using other tobacco products
• not getting enough sleep

Talk with your doctor if an urge to move your legs, often worse at night, disrupts your sleep or daily life. Treating underlying causes such as low iron can help, and a medication review may, too.