Otitis Externa

Otitis externa is inflammation, irritation or infection of the outer ear canal (the tube between the outer ear and the ear drum). It is often called swimmer's ear because it can be caused by water that remains in the ear after swimming. This warm, moist environment promotes inflammation (redness and swelling) and bacterial growth. Otitis externa can also be brought on by putting fingers, cotton swabs or other objects in your ears.

Common symptoms include ear pain, itch, discharge, and some degree of temporary hearing loss. Although it is more common for only one ear to be affected, in some cases both ears become infected.

Usually you can treat swimmer's ear with eardrops. Prompt treatment can help prevent complications and more-serious infections. With treatment, these symptoms should clear up within a few days. However, some cases can persist for several months or longer.

Most cases of otitis externa are caused by a bacterial infection, although the condition can also be caused by irritation, fungal infections and allergies.

• Having excess moisture in your ear after swimming or perspiring can provide an optimal environment for bacteria.
• Cleaning your ear with cotton swabs, or damaging the inside of the ear by other means can cause small breaks in the skin that allow bacteria to grow.

Long-term (chronic) swimmer's ear may be due to:

• Allergic reaction or sensitivity to something placed in the ear such as hair products or jewelry
• Chronic skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis

See your doctor for ear pain, itching, or drainage, especially after swimming ('swimmer's ear'). Seek prompt care for severe pain, swelling spreading to the face or neck, fever, or hearing loss.